Vestibulares 1 - English Tests
Prova Fuvest 2020 para atividade de sala de aula
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Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient. “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said. “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.” The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.” The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”. Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, em relação às mulheres, um efeito decorrente do fato de assistentes digitais reforçarem estereótipos de gênero é
a normalização de formas de assédio sexista
a inclusão de uma única voz nos dispositivos.
o poder de influência positiva sobre as pessoas.
o incremento de vendas e customização de robôs.
a busca por formas que reflitam problemas sociais.
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Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient. “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said. “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.” The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.” The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”. Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, o título do relatório publicado pela Unesco ‐ “I´d Blush if I Could” ‐, no que diz respeito aos assistentes digitais, indica
capacidade tecnológica para selecionar temas sensíveis ao
grande público.
resposta padrão para comandos que incluem impropérios.
perda de controle das formas de interação entre seres
humanos e máquinas.
preocupação dos fabricantes de dispositivos eletrônicos
com usuários conservadores.
necessidade de elaboração de sistemas integrados de
reconhecimento de voz.
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Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient. “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said. “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.” The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.” The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”. Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência Artificial, entre outros aspectos,
são desenvolvidas segundo normas prescritas em convenções internacionais.
devem ser monitoradas por empresas multinacionais geridas por mulheres.
funcionam melhor quando associadas a dispositivos sincronizados em escala mundial.
dependem de atualização constante para garantia de desempenho satisfatório
requerem avaliação ampla, quanto à possível presença de elementos tendenciosos em sua concepção.
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O efeito de comicidade que se obtém do meme decorre, sobretudo, da
contradição presente na frase “To be honest”.
asserção “your wife says”.
repetição da palavra “never”.
pergunta “is that true?”.
ambiguidade gerada pela expressão “buy her flowers”.
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As possíveis soluções, em polegadas (inches, em inglês), para o problema matemático proposto no quadrinho, no caso em que os pontos A, B, C estão em uma mesma reta, são
10/3, 5 e 10
5/3 e 10
10/3 e 5
10/3 e 10
5/3, 10/3 e 10
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Scientists have long touted DNA’s potential as an ideal storage medium; it’s dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package. That’s where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA. If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; that's set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the world's microchip‐grade silicon by 2040. “Today’s technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling,” says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. “DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology.” How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years. Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado. Afirma‐se no texto que, no futuro, a tecnologia de gravação em moléculas de DNA
poderá ser a solução para o problema de espaço de armazenamento de informação digital.
terá de ser adaptada para o propósito de ler, codificar e guardar dados.
será utilizada para sequenciar trilhões de moléculas destinadas à pesquisa médica
deverá ter seu uso expandido no campo da genética e
áreas afins.
continuará sendo inviável comparada a tecnologias convencionais.
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Scientists have long touted DNA’s potential as an ideal storage medium; it’s dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package. That’s where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA. If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; that's set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the world's microchip‐grade silicon by 2040. “Today’s technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling,” says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. “DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology.” How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years. Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, cientistas preveem que, em pouco mais de 20 anos,
a geração de dados pela humanidade chegará à marca de 160 zettabytes.
a armazenagem de todos os dados produzidos esgotará o estoque mundial de microchips de silício.
o custo para gravação de dados digitais será maior que hoje.
a densidade das moléculas de DNA terá aumentado exponencialmente.
as novas tecnologias de informação serão bem mais duradouras que as atuais.
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Harlem What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Langston Hughes, Selected Poems of Langston Hughes (1990). Disponível em http://www.poetryfoundation.org/. As tentativas de resposta do poeta à pergunta “What happens to a dream deferred?” evocam imagens de
empatia e complacência.
animosidade e revolta.
aprisionamento e passividade.
deterioração e destruição.
remorso e compaixão.
